Since April 2023, when war erupted between Sudan’s military and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF), more than 150,000 people have been killed in Sudan. The U.S. State Department has determined that the RSF’s brutal ethnic cleansing, mass sexual violence, and indiscriminate slaughter amount to crimes against humanity and genocide and that both the RSF and the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) have committed war crimes.

Around 50 million people now face the prospect of famine, acute food insecurity, or displacement in Sudan. The warring parties are as far away from a negotiated solution as they have ever been, with the RSF declaring a parallel government in February and the SAF recapturing the presidential palace in Khartoum from RSF control on March 21. Yet U.S. President Donald Trump—true to form when it comes to his lack of Africa policy—has not publicly acknowledged the suffering, let alone lifted a finger to stop it. His response so far has been staggering indifference and, in some cases, outright sabotage.

Without warning or justification, on Feb. 26, Trump and U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio illegally and abruptly canceled U.S.-funded emergency aid for Sudan, including food assistance and health services. In many cases, these services were lifelines for civilians. Since pausing and canceling aid, almost 80 percent of emergency food kitchens in Sudan have closed. And, for example, an NGO informed me that water and sanitation services are suspended in one state in eastern Sudan because the U.S. Agency for International Development hasn’t issued any payments to the implementer, meaning that more than 40,000 internally displaced people now face a heightened risk of contracting cholera.

By cutting off aid when the Sudanese people need it most, Trump has inarguably deepened the humanitarian crisis—and upended decades of precedent of bipartisan support for humanitarian assistance.

Read More

Are China and Russia on a Collision Course in Africa?

While Beijing seeks influence and prizes a stable investment climate, Moscow is sowing chaos and selling private security services to quell it.

Analysis

|

Jessica Moody

The Global South Must Back Sudan’s ICJ Case Against the UAE

Dozens of countries supported South Africa’s genocide charges against Israel. Failure to do the same for Sudan would be a moral and diplomatic disaster.

Argument

|

Amgad Fareid Eltayeb

Tigray Needs Justice for Peace to Hold

The West can play an important role in examining a “forgotten” war.

Argument

|

Azeem Ibrahim,
Annika Weis

The United States has historically been a steadfast friend to the Sudanese people, dating to the George W. Bush administration. When he appointed Sen. Jack Danforth as the first U.S. special envoy to Sudan, Bush said, “This is an issue that is really important. It is important to this administration, it’s important to the world.”

Since then, both Republican and Democratic administrations have provided humanitarian assistance, brokered peace, and advanced democracy in Sudan—spanning the first genocide in Darfur two decades ago, the separation of Sudan and South Sudan in 2011, and the stunning democratic revolution of 2018 and 2019. And while Washington, under the administration of former President Joe Biden, rightfully sanctioned leaders of the RSF and SAF in January for war crimes, crimes against humanity, and, in the case of the RSF, genocide, it must apply more pressure, given the severity of atrocities committed by the warring parties.

External military support is one of the primary drivers of Sudan’s civil war, and Washington has allowed it to continue unchecked. The United Arab Emirates has armed the RSF with drones and other weapons since the early months of the war. This is not speculation: The U.S. government, as well as international organizations and reporting by several media outlets (including the New York Times, Reuters, the United Nations, and the Sudan Conflict Observatory), has documented it. The Biden administration began diplomatically pressuring the UAE to cut off its support last year and notified Congress that the UAE had given assurances that it was not providing support to the RSF.

Unfortunately, the Emirati reassurances have proved false, and it continues providing support to the RSF. Now, under Trump’s watch, the UAE has faced no consequences for supporting the genocide.

While Trump may not be focused on the conflict in Sudan, Congress is not without power to act—and act it must to prevent more innocent lives from being lost. That is why I, alongside Rep. Sara Jacobs, have introduced the U.S. Engagement in Sudanese Peace Act to force action. The legislation would hold perpetrators of atrocities accountable by requiring sanctions on those who have enabled genocide, war crimes, or crimes against humanity; blocked humanitarian aid; or violated the U.N. arms embargo on Darfur. It also prohibits the sale of major U.S. defense equipment to countries fueling the conflict. The legislation bolsters the U.S. special envoy for Sudan by authorizing funding and extending the position’s timeline. Further, the bill would increase humanitarian aid and provide support to protect civilians by authorizing U.S. assistance for a U.N., African Union, or other multinational force for that purpose.

And though it is unclear whether Republicans, who have traditionally understood the need for action on Sudan, will help send this legislation to the president’s desk, I want to be clear that I will use my position as the ranking member of the House Foreign Affairs Committee to block all major U.S. defense sales to the UAE—and to any country that supports this brutal conflict—until its military support for the RSF ends. Under long-standing practice, administrations of both parties have submitted such major defense sales for review to the House Foreign Affairs and Senate Foreign Relations committees to address any congressional concerns before they can proceed.

What is happening in Sudan is not a theoretical crisis but a humanitarian catastrophe—involving targeted attacks against civilians and the displacement more than 12 million people—playing out in real time. Congress has a choice: We can sit silently and allow Trump’s indifference to the conflict and crisis to continue, or we can act. We can demand that the UAE and other involved parties end their military support for those waging this horrific war. We can press Trump to reinstate congressionally approved funds for emergency aid and demand a diplomatic push toward a cease-fire.

The Sudanese people have suffered greatly and had their democratic aspirations torn away by strongmen who refuse to give up power. The United States must show that Sudan is not a forgotten conflict. It is the world’s largest humanitarian crisis, and there are substantive actions that we can take to offer humanitarian relief, end military support to the warring parties, and achieve a lasting peace.