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What Trump Gets Wrong About South African History

A deep dive into the country’s efforts to address the legacies of apartheid.

By , a senior editor at Foreign Policy.

A monument by South African artist Marco Cianfanelli, representing the 27 years former South African President Nelson Mandela spent behind bars, in Howick, South Africa.

A monument by South African artist Marco Cianfanelli, representing the 27 years former South African President Nelson Mandela spent behind bars, in Howick, South Africa, on Aug. 5, 2018. RAJESH JANTILAL/AFP via Getty Images


At his meeting with South African President Cyril Ramaphosa last week, U.S. President Donald Trump continued to peddle false claims about an alleged “white genocide” in South Africa.

Decades after the end of apartheid, the country’s white minority still holds the vast majority of land. One of Trump’s main grievances with Pretoria is a new law that allows the government to expropriate land in limited circumstances—although no land has been taken under the law yet.

At his meeting with South African President Cyril Ramaphosa last week, U.S. President Donald Trump continued to peddle false claims about an alleged “white genocide” in South Africa.

Decades after the end of apartheid, the country’s white minority still holds the vast majority of land. One of Trump’s main grievances with Pretoria is a new law that allows the government to expropriate land in limited circumstances—although no land has been taken under the law yet.

The act is the latest step in what Michael Albertus has called “one of the most ambitious attempts ever to use land as a tool for deconstructing racial hierarchy.” According to Albertus, the new South African policy is hardly radical—in fact, he writes, one of the “chief complaints of the [ruling African National Congress party’s] record on land reform is that it has not done enough.”

The essays below offer insight into South Africa’s land restitution policies and the country’s ongoing efforts to address the legacy of apartheid.



Trump sits next to Ramaphosa, holding documents and pointing.
Trump sits next to Ramaphosa, holding documents and pointing.

South African President Cyril Ramaphosa and U.S. President Donald Trump during a meeting at the White House in Washington on May 21.Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images

Trump’s False Fantasy About Afrikaner Land

The U.S. president is fixated on an expropriation policy that isn’t as radical as he thinks, Michael Albertus writes.



Donald Trump stands with hands outstretched. He is wearing a blue suit and a red tie. On the right are two people, with one person holding a camera. On the right is Mike Johnson.
Donald Trump stands with hands outstretched. He is wearing a blue suit and a red tie. On the right are two people, with one person holding a camera. On the right is Mike Johnson.

U.S. President Donald Trump, accompanied by House Speaker Mike Johnson, talks to the media in Washington on May 20.Andrew Harnik/Getty Images

We Can No Longer Dismiss Trump’s Blatant Racism

The meeting with Ramaphosa marked a reversion to the open racism of U.S. presidents long past, FP’s Howard W. French writes.



A resident walks past a mural of former South African President Nelson Mandela in Soweto, South Africa.
A resident walks past a mural of former South African President Nelson Mandela in Soweto, South Africa.

A resident walks past a mural of former South African President Nelson Mandela in Soweto, South Africa, on Dec. 7, 2013, two days after his death. CARL DE SOUZA/AFP via Getty Images

No Justice. No Peace.

Post-apartheid South Africa remains steeped in the “rainbow nation” ideals of reconciliation and forgiveness—but it has never truly reckoned with accountability, Sisonke Msimang writes.



A large crowd of supporters of Nelson Mandela protest against apartheid in 1994. A group of men in the foreground carry a long white box that reads "Farewell apartheid, don't come back."
A large crowd of supporters of Nelson Mandela protest against apartheid in 1994. A group of men in the foreground carry a long white box that reads “Farewell apartheid, don’t come back.”

Nelson Mandela supporters protest against apartheid in South Africa in 1994. David Turnley/Corbis/VCG via Getty Images

South African History From Above

A sweeping new history of the country focuses primarily on elites, rather than the grassroots movements that overturned apartheid, Richard Pithouse writes.


 


A worker sits in a field of downed sugarcane. A dirt road is seen behind him with growing sugarcane on either side.
A worker sits in a field of downed sugarcane. A dirt road is seen behind him with growing sugarcane on either side.

A worker takes a break in a field near the Kruger National Park in Komatipoort, South Africa, on July 8, 2013. The participation of Black farmers in the sugarcane industry has increased through programs to return land and work to the Black community. Dan Kitwood/Getty Images

The Lessons of South Africa’s Stolen Land

Transfers of territory are central to the country’s efforts at racial reconciliation, Michael Albertus writes.


Chloe Hadavas is a senior editor at Foreign Policy. Bluesky: @hadavas.bsky.social X: @Hadavas

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